Задания по теме пассивный залог английский язык. Об английском с любовью. Посуда моется, работа работается

PASSIVE VOICE

Ex Past Simple Active или Past Simple Passive .

Я рассказал - Мне рассказали

Она привела - Ее привели

Мы спросили - Нас спросили

Мы ответили - Нам ответили

Он забыл - Его забыли

Он помнил - Его помнили

Мы пригласили - Нас пригласили

Ex 2.

Мне расскажут Мне рассказывают Мне рассказали

Нам ответили Нам отвечают Нам ответят

Нас послали Нас посылают Нас пошлют

Ему помогли Ему помогают Ему помогут

1. My question (to answer) yesterday.

2. Hockey (to play) in winter.

3. Mushrooms (to gather) in autumn.

4. Many houses (to burn) during the Great Fire of London.

5. His new book (to finish) next year.

6. Flowers (to sell) in shops and in the streets.

7. St. Petersburg (to found) in 1703.

8. Bread (to eat) every day.

9. The letter (to receive) yesterday.

10. Nick (to send) to Moscow next week.

Ex . 4 Переведите на английский язык выделенные глаголы:

A lot of houses (построено) in Moscow.

When (было написано) this letter?

Many places of interest (посещаются) by tourists.

When (была переведена) this article?

Ex . 5 Замените действительный залог страдательным.

Many people attended this lecture.

He will leave the ticket on the table.

People speak English in many countries.

An actor killed President Abraham Lincoln.

They grow bananas in Africa.

Chemists purify water in different ways.

Irene"s husband brought her some beautiful shells from the south.

The explorers gave the newspaper reporters a long interview.

Mr. Wilson will teach you English.

The doctor ordered me a month"s rest from studying.

Tom gave Nick a book for his birthday.

Our mother tells us stories every evening.

Lydia will show you a new book of pictures.

A boy showed her the way.

They will send us a box of fruit.

Five or six small children followed them.

Ex . 7 Поставьте выделенные глаголы в Passive Voice

1. She took a long time to write the composition, but at last she wrote it.

2. Don"t put the cup there: somebody will break it.

3. Why weren"t you at the birthday party? - They didn"t invite me.

4. We met many difficulties, but all the same we finished the work in time.

5. We shall leave you behind if you are not quick.

Ex Active Voice .

1. The room was cleaned and aired. 3. Whom were these letters written by? 5. She showed me the picture which had been painted by her husband. 6. I shall not be allowed to go there. 10. Betty was met at the station. 11. The girl was not allowed to go to the concert. 13. The chicken was eaten with appetite.

Ex 9. Раскройте скобки , употребляя глаголы в Passive Voice.

1. The rule explained by the teacher at the last lesson (to undertand) by all of us.

2. The poem was so beautiful that it (to learn) by everybody.

3. I hope the invitation (to accept) by everybody.

4. The letter (to post) in half an hour.

5. It seems to me that music (to hear) from the next room.

6. At the last competition the first prize (to win) by our team.

7. The question (to settle) as soon as they arrived.

8. Your report must (to divide) into two chapters.

Much attention (is devoted /devotes) to the development of this science.

The architect (was built / built) many beautiful bridges in town.

They (study/are studied) the properties of this material.

He (influenced / was influenced) by his friends.

He (reconstructed/was reconstructed) an old church in our town.

He (was caught/caught) by police yesterday.

The manager (gave/was given) an interesting work by the President.

A beautiful cathedral (built/was built) in our town in the 11 century.

Ex. 11. Раскройте скобки , употребляя глаголы в Active или Passive Voice.

1. Nobody (to see) him yesterday.

2. The telegram (to receive) tomorrow.

3. He (to give) me this book next week.

4. The answer to this question can (to find) in the encyclopedia.

5. We (to show) the historical monuments of the capital to the delegation.

Present Simple Passive.

1. Я всегда хвалю моих друзей.

2. Меня всегда хвалят дома.

3. Каждую субботу папа показывает дедушке мои оценки.

4. Каждую субботу папе показывают мои оценки.

5. Мы часто вспоминаем вас.

6. Нас часто вспоминают в деревне.

7. Мне дают сок каждое утро.

8. Каждое утро я даю кошке молоко.

9. Он каждый день рассказывает нам что-нибудь интересное.

10. Ему каждый день рассказывают что-нибудь интересное.

11. Я часто посылаю письма друзьям.

12. Меня часто посылают на юг.

13. Меня часто приглашают в кино.

Ex . 13.

1. Я посоветовал моему другу поступить в спортивную секцию.

2. Мне посоветовали поступить в спортивную секцию.

3. Я показал доктору мои зубы.

4. Меня показали доктору.

5. Я дал своей собаке кусок сахара.

6. Мне дали на обед суп.

7. Вчера я попросил учителя помочь мне.

8. Вчера меня попросили помочь однокласснику.

9. Прошлым летом я научил сестру плавать.

10. Прошлым летом меня научили плавать.

11. Вчера нам задавали много вопросов на уроке.

12 Я ответил на все вопросы.

Ex . 14.

1. Новые коньки купят завтра.

2. Миша попросит меня помочь ему.

3. Мишу попросят рассказать о своем путешествии.

6. Завтра я принесу новый фильм.

7. Завтра принесут новый фильм.

8. Мой друг поможет мне с математикой.

9. Моему другу помогут с немецким.

10. Я куплю мороженого.

PASSIVE VOICE

V -2

Ex 1. Переведите на английский язык, употребляя глаголы в Past Simple Active или Past Simple Passive .

Я показал - Мне показали

Мы послали - Нас послали

Он помог - Ему помогли

Он посоветовал - Ему посоветовали

Мы поправили - Нас поправили

Он вылечил - Его вылечили

Он позвал - Его позвали

Ex 2.

Мне покажут Мне показывают Мне показали

Ее привели Ее приводят Ее приведут

Нас спросили Нас спрашивают Нас спросят

Ex 3. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Present, Past или Future Simple Passive.

1. I (to ask) at the lesson yesterday.

2. I (to give) a very interesting book at the library last Friday.

3. Many houses (to build) in our town every year.

4. This work (to do) tomorrow.

5. This text (to translate) at the last lesson.

6. These trees (to plant) last autumn.

7. Many interesting games always (to play) at our PT lessons.

8. This bone (to give) to my dog tomorrow.

9. We (to invite) to a concert last Saturday.

10. Lost time never (to find) again.

11. Rome (not to build) in a day.

Ex . 4. Переведите на английский язык выделенные глаголы:

1. English (говорят) in many countries of the world.

2. The student (задают) many questions by the teacher now.

3. The film (показывали) when we entered the hall.

4. The device (был протестирован) by last month.

Ex . 5. Замените действительный залог страдательным.

1. Computers process information.

2. The teacher gave the student much work.

3. They invented photography in the 1840s.

4. The French government gave the Statue of Liberty to the American people.

5. They have sent for the doctor.

6. They show films at the cinema.

7. She will deliver a lecture tomorrow.

8. Fleming discovered penicillin in 1928.

9. The Chinese invented paper.

1. In summer the boys often drive the horses to the fields.

2. Ivan Susanin led the Poles into the thickest part of the forest.

3. The waves carried the boat away.

4. We shall do the translation in the evening.

5. They water the flowers regularly.

6. You promised me these books long ago.

7. Bessie’s father gave her a complete set of Walter Scott’s works.

9. The boys will paint the roof of the house.

10. Tom Sawyer whitewashed the fence.

Her daughters gave her three beautiful dishes as a birthday present.

Ex . 7. Поставьте выделенные глаголы в Passive Voice , внеся необходимые изменения в предложения.

1. I spent all my money on books last month.

2. I don"t think we shall do all this work today: there is too much of it.

3. It"s a very funny thing that when I start doing this, somebody always stops me.

4. Don"t leave these sweets on the table: somebody will eat them.

5. The elephant broke the branch of the tree.

6. The bees attacked the bear when it tried to take their honey.

Ex . 8. Передайте следующие предложения в Active Voice .

1. It was so dark, that the houses could not be seen. 2. The boy was punished for misbehaving. 3. By three o"clock everything had been prepared. 4. The dictation was written without mistakes. 5. Whom was the poem written by? 6. Her dress was washed and ironed. 7. I was not blamed for the mistakes. 8. This house was built last year. 9. This article will be translated at the lesson on Tuesday. 10. When will this book be returned to the library?

Ex 9. Раскройте скобки , употребляя глаголы в Passive Voice.

1. Soon he (to send) to a sanatorium.

2. The book (to discuss) at the next conference.

3. The composition must (to hand) in on Wednesday.

4. Yesterday he (to tell) to prepare a speech.

5. The article (to publish) last week, if I am not mistaken.

6. The lectures (to attend) by all of us.

7. A taxi (to call) fifteen minutes ago, so we are expecting it any moment.

8. The young man (to introduce) to me only a couple of hours ago, but it seems to me that I’ve known him for years.

Ex . 10. Выберите глаголы в действительном или страдательном залоге.

1. Canals (link/are linked) many rivers in Great Britain.

2. The book (consists/is consisted) of 4 parts.

3. William the Conqueror (defeated/was defeated) King of England and (built/was built) an abbey near the place of battle.

4. The first Olympic games (held/were held) in Greece in 777 B.C.

5. At the station they will (meet, be met) by a man from the travel bureau.

6. She will (meet, be met) them in the hall upstairs.

7. The porter will (bring, be brought) your luggage to your room.

8. Your luggage will (bring, be brought) up in the lift.

Ex. 11. Раскройте скобки , употребляя глаголы в Active или Passive Voice.

1. You can (to find) interesting information about the life in the USA in this book.

2. Budapest (to divide) by the Danube into two parts: Buda and Pest.

3. Yuri Dolgoruki (to found) Moscow in 1147.

4. Moscow University (to found) by Lomonosov.

5. We (to call) Zhukovski the father of Russian aviation.

Ex. 12. Переведите на английский язык, употребляя глаголы в Present Simple Active или Present Simple Passive

1. Моей сестре часто помогают в школе.

2. Я иногда забываю взять дневник.

3. Он пишет много писем.

4. Книги А. Кристи читают с интересом.

5. Собаки любят кости.

6. Собак любят во многих семьях.

7. Когда в вашей семье пьют чай?

8. Где хранят старые письма?

9. Почему эти правила всегда забывают?

10. Почему вы всегда забываете эти правила?

11. Где живут ваши друзья?

12. Где покупают хлеб?

13. Когда задают вопросы?

Ex . 13.

1. Учитель поставил мне хорошую оценку.

2. Дома меня похвалили.

3. Эти письма принесли утром.

4. Мой портфель купили в прошлом году.

5. Эти орехи съели вчера.

6. Где вы купили эту книгу?

7. Где купили эту книгу?

8. Когда сварили обед?

9. Когда разбили чашку?

10. Когда ты разбил чашку?

11. Что ему обещали?

12. Когда починили машину?

13. Когда исправили ошибку?

Ex . 14.

1. Билеты принесут завтра.

2. Диктант будут писать в следующий вторник.

3. Маму попросят не беспокоиться.

4. Маме дадут чашечку кофе.

5. Мама поблагодарит доктора.

6. Телеграмма будет отправлена сейчас же.

7. Ковер повесят на стену.

8. Книги положат на полку.

9. Когда пошлют письмо?

10. Когда проверят контрольную работу?

11. Как будут делать эту работу?

ГБОУ СОШ 1011

Разработка тренировочных упражнений с ответами по грамматике английского языка к теме «Пассивный Залог (Passive Voice )»

для уч ащихся 9-х классов общеобразовательных школ

Подготовила

учитель английского языка:

Коренева Юлия Михайловна

г. Москва

2014

Translate from English into Russian. Underline Passive Constructions: Present Simple Passive, Past Simple Passive, Future Simple Passive.

This book was sold

They will be met by their uncle and aunt at the airport.

London is visited by thousands of tourists every year, isn’t it?

Why is this documentary talked about so much?

American president Abraham Lincoln was killed at the theatre.

Current news is shown on television every evening.

Famous people are often spied by paparazzi.

Why is he being laughed at?

When we arrived they were being asked about their trip to England.

Which document was being typed when you came in?

Look! The contract is being printed.

His offer was being discussed when he called.

What tune is being played? I can’t recognize it.

We didn’t know that the new program had already been broadcast.

After the speaker had been interrupted he stopped to collect his thoughts.

This serial has been talked about a lot lately.

Maria is happy. She has been accepted by an English University.

May I invite you to the banquet room where some food and refreshments have been served?

I actually felt quite depressed after the threatening news has been announced.

The teacher … asked a question at the moment.

He … paid a lot of money as soon as he does the job.

He said Peter … invited to the party.

Look! A Christmas tree … decorated.

I hope our misunderstanding … … forgotten very quickly.

I’m so angry because my party … spoiled by Max’s rudeness.

The six ravens … kept in the Tower of London now for centuries.

She had read all the books which … translated into English.

Mike showed the letter to his mother.

– May I help you, sir? – No, thank you. They are already serving me.

They were broadcasting a new documentary at 5 p.m. yesterday.

They offered tourists a free sightseeing trip.

They will hold interviews in September.

By 2014 this author had written two major novels.

The Smiths have sold their cottage this month.

I hear that they are making a new full-length cartoon based on Russian fairy-tails.

ЕГЭ .

The Loch Ness Monster.

1. The story of the Loch Ness monster began in 1933 when it __________ for the first time.


2. Since then it _________ at least once every year
3. and __________ many times.	PHOTOGRAPH
4. The first photo ______ by a local man in November, 1933.	TAKE
5. On the occasion, large brown eyes _____
6. and horns _______several times..	REPORT
7 . Ears ____________ yet.	MENTION
8. The monster, however, ___________	NOT FORGET
9. and probably never____________	FORGET
10. It ______ that it sometimes leaves the Loch	KNOW
11. and a few days ago it ______ running along the main road not far from a café.
12. Occasionally two monsters _________ at the same time.	NOTICE
13. It _____ whether they are father and son, husband and wife, or perhaps monster and girl-friend.	NOT KNOW
14. But the monster and its activities ____still a mystery.	CONSIDER

CHECK YOURSELF

Translate from English into Russian. Underline Passive Constructions: Present Simple Passive, Past Simple Passive, Future Simple Passive .

This book was sold two month ago. — Past Simple Passive

They will be met by their uncle and aunt at the airport.-FS

London is visited by thousands of tourists every year, isn’t it?- PrS

Why is this documentary talked about so much?- PrS

American president Abraham Lincoln was killed at the theatre.- PS

Current news is shown on television every evening.- PrS

Famous people are often spied by paparazzi.- PrS

Translate from English into Russian. Underline Passive Constructions: Present Progressive Passive, Past Progressive Passive.

Why is he being laughed at ?- Present Progressive Passive

When we arrived they were being asked about their trip to England. — PPrP

Which document was being typed when you came in?- PPrP

Look! The contract is being printed .- PrPrP

His offer was being discussed when he called.- PPrP

What tune is being played ? I can’t recognize it.- PrPrP

Translate from English into Russian. Underline Passive Constructions: Present Perfect Passive, Past Perfect Passive.

We didn’t know that the new program had already been broadcast . — PPerfP

After the speaker had been interrupted he stopped to collect his thoughts. PPerfP

This serial has been talked about a lot lately. — PrPerfP

Maria is happy. She has been accepted by an English University.- PrPerfP

May I invite you to the banquet room where some food and refreshments have been served ? — PrPerfP

I actually felt quite depressed after the threatening news has been announced . — PrPerfP

Put the verb to be in the correct form in Passive Voice.

The teacher is being asked a question at the moment.

He will be paid a lot of money as soon as he does the job.

He said Peter had been invited to the party.

Look! A Christmas tree is being decorated.

I hope our misunderstanding will be forgotten very quickly.

I’m so angry because my party has been spoiled by Max’s rudeness.

The six ravens have been kept in the Tower of London now for centuries.

She had read all the books which were translated into English.

Make the sentences in Passive Voice.

Mike showed the letter to his mother. – The letter was shown to mother by Mike.

– May I help you, sir? – No, thank you. They are already serving me. – I’m already being served.

They were broadcasting a new documentary at 5 p.m. yesterday. – A new documentary was being broadcast at 5 p.m. yesterday.

They offered tourists a free sightseeing trip. –A free sightseeing trip was offered to tourists. / Tourists were offered a free sightseeing trip.

They will hold interviews in September. — Interviews will be hold by them in September.

By 2014 this author had written two major novels. – Two major novels had been written by this author by 2014.

The Smiths have sold their cottage this month. – The cottage has been sold by the Smiths this month.

I hear that they are making a new full-length cartoon based on Russian fairy-tails. — I hear that a new full-length cartoon based on Russian fairy-tails is being made.

ЕГЭ . Complete the story with the correct form of the verbs in capital letters.

The Loch Ness Monster.

1. The story of the Loch Ness monster began in 1933 when it WAS SEEN for the first time.


2. Since then it HAS BEEN SEEN at least once every year
3. and HAS BEEN PHOTOGRAPHED many times.	PHOTOGRAPH
4. The first photo WAS TAKEN by a local man in November, 1933.	TAKE
5. On the occasion, large brown eyes WERE SEEN
6. and horns WERE REPORTED several times..	REPORT
7 . Ears HAVE NOT BEN MENTIONED yet.	MENTION
8. The monster, however, IS NOT FORGOTTEN	NOT FORGET
9. and probably never WILL NEVER BE FORGOTTEN	FORGET
10. It IS KNOWN that it sometimes leaves the Loch	KNOW
11. and a few days ago it WAS SEEN running along the main road not far from a café.
12. Occasionally two monsters ARE NOTICED at the same time.	NOTICE
13. It IS NOT KNOWN whether they are father and son, husband and wife, or perhaps monster and girl-friend.	NOT KNOW
14. But the monster and its activities ARE still CONSIDERED a mystery.	CONSIDER

Использованныематериалы

Афанасьева О.В., Михеева И.В., Баранова К.М. Английский язык-5й год обучения. Рабочая тетрадь. Москва: Дрофа, 2011.

Фурсенко С.В. Английский язык. Тесты. 9 класс. Москва: Дрофа, 2002.

Бондарева В.В. Английская грамматика в забавных рассказах. Спб: Каро, 2006

Кауфман К.И., Кауфман М.Ю. Совершенствуй свой английский. Москва: Титул, 1999.

Вы прочитали правило и рассмотрели примеры... Думаете, что страдательный залог у вас уже в кармане? Это будет так, только после того, как вы проделаете несколько десятков упражнений на Passive Voice. Только после того, как вы столкнетесь лицом к лицу со всеми особенностями, со всеми случаями, пройдете сквозь препятствия и прочувствуете их, можно отложить временную систему и страдательный залог в частности. Как легко и быстро преодолеть этот этап?

Выполняя задания различного рода, вы шаг за шагом приближаетесь к заветной цели — к свободному владению. Заглядывая в правило, вы понимаете, что не все времена употребляются в страдательном залоге. Так, Perfect Continuous Passive Tense совсем не существует. Так же, как и Continuous Future Passive. Это уже проще.

Какие упражнения на пассивный залог обязательно необходимо проработать?

Огромная сложность в образовании различных форм. Так, необходимо запомнить множество вспомогательных глаголов, а вот формы сказуемого, если вы внимательно читали правило, для всех одинаковая. Поэтому здесь важно проработать только последовательность.

Запомнив когда и какой вспомогательный глагол используется, можно переходить к построению предложений. Очень эффективными считаются упражнения на Passive Voice, которые необходимо перестроить из активного залога. Их часто называют переделки.

Мы прекрасно знаем, что в страдательном залоге используются предлоги by, with, первый из которых показывает, что действие совершает одушевленное подлежащее, а второй — неодушевленное. Чтобы эта информация четко отложилась в памяти, проделайте хотя бы одно упражнение на эту тематику.

Когда вы отработаете все формы, все времена, пройдите комплексный тест Passive Voice , чтобы быть уверенным, что вы все правильно поняли.

Но и здесь есть несколько подводных камней. Например, пассивные конструкции, некоторые глаголы со страдательным значением. Если первые можно выучить наизусть, запомнить со временем, то последние очень часто вызывают затруднение. Необходимо анализировать предложение. Обязательно пройдите несколько упражнений (exercises) по данному вопросу.

Когда все эти этапы будут позади, вы будете уверены, что страдательный залог не просто пройден, а отложен в памяти надолго. Но не забывайте периодически повторять материал. Все со временем забывается, а язык и все его правила особенно. Научитесь жить с английским, проводить с ним время, и тогда у вас все получится.

1. Перепишите предложения из активного залога в пассивный

Nobody has used this room for ages.
We will give you the keys tomorrow.
Someone is interviewing Dr Johnson at the moment.
By the time I arrived, someone had already opened all your letters.
We usually talk briefly about the problems of the family at dinner time.

This room hasn’t been used for ages.
The keys will be given you tomorrow.
Dr Johnson is being interviewed at the moment.
By the time I arrived, all your letters had been already opened.
The problems of the family are usually talked briefly at dinner time.

2. Выберите правильный вариант

1. This theatre … (build) over 100 years ago.

a. had been built

b. has been built

2. Is your car still for sale? — No. It … already (sell).

a. has been sold

b. had been sold

3. Sometimes mistakes … (make).

b. are being made.

c. have been made

4. For the past few days I (work) in Jack’s office, as my own … (decorate).

a. have been working/ is being decorated

b. worked/ decorated

c. am worked/ is being decorated.

5. While my friend … (talk) to me, his wallet .. (steal).

a. was being talked/ was being stolen

b. was talking/ was stolen

6. Where is your friend Bob? — — I don’t know. He … (not/ seen) resently.

a. hasn’t seen

c. hasn’t been seen

7. If someone … (report) you to the police, you … (make) to pay a big fine.

a. reports/ will be made

b. will report/ will make

c. is reported/ will be made

8. Professor … (give) another lecture at the same time next week.

a. will have been given

b. will be given

9. Look at the dust in here! It … (look) as if this room (not/clean) … for a month.

a. is looked/ hasn’t cleaned

b. looks/ hasn’t been cleaned

c. has looked/ isn’t cleaned

10. The door … (open) and a young lady … (come in). It should be admitted that the door … (open) by herself.

a. opened/ came in/ was opened

b. was opened/ came in/ was opened

c. opened/ came in/ opened

3. Заполните пропуски предлогами with, by.

The hall was decorated … pink balloons.
The roof of the church will be repaired … local people.
This material has been already published … Cambridge University Press.
The house was built … money that he had borrowed from the bank.
When the the accident happened, the car was brought … police.

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Упражнение 1.

Passive Voice .

1. They teach three foreign languages at this school.

2. We received this letter after his departure.

3. Have dogs ever attacked you?

4. Bees gather honey from flowers.

5. The storm drove the ship against a rock.

6. Who discovered the circulation of blood?

7. They are selling delicious fruit ice cream there now.

8. The old man showed us the way out of the wood.

9. They offered her some interesting work.

10. The doctor prescribed her new medicine.

11. They don’t think much of him.

12. Everybody laughed at this funny animal.

13. We have been looking for you the whole morning.

14. We shall insist on strict discipline.

15. He has just written this computer program.

Ответы:

1. They teach three foreign languages at this school. - Three foreign languages are taught at this school.

2. We received this letter after his departure. - This letter was received after his departure.

3. Have dogs ever attacked you? - Have you ever been attacked by dogs?

4. Bees gather honey from flowers. - Honey is gathered from flowers by bees.

5. The storm drove the ship against a rock. - The ship was driven against a rock.

6. Who discovered the circulation of blood? - Whom was the circulation of blood discovered by?

7. They are selling delicious fruit ice cream there now. - Delicious fruit ice cream is being sold there now.

8. The old man showed us the way out of the wood. - We were shown the way out of the wood (by the old man).

9. They offered her some interesting work. - She was offered some interesting work.

10. The doctor prescribed her new medicine. - She was prescribed new medicine.

11. They don’t think much of him. - He is not much thought of.

12. Everybody laughed at this funny animal. - This funny animal was laughed at by everybody.

13. We have been looking for you the whole morning. - You have been looked for the whole morning.

14. We shall insist on strict discipline. - Strict discipline will be insisted on.

15. He has just written this computer program. - This computer program has just been written.

Упражнение 2.

Передайте следующие предложения в Passive Voice , обращая внимание на место предлога.

We speak very highly of her. - She is very highly spoken of.

1. The senior students laughed at the freshman.

2. The group spoke to the headmistress yesterday.

3. These young mothers looked after their babies with great care.

4. Nobody lived in that old house.

5. They sent for Jim and told him to prepare a report on that subject.

6. We thought about our friend all the time.

7. The doctor will operate on him in a week.

8. The teacher sent for the pupil’s parents.

9. They looked for the newspaper everywhere.

10. Nobody slept in the bed.

11. The neighbour asked for the telegram.

12. Everybody listened to the lecturer with great attention.

13. They often talk about the weather.

Ответы:

1. The freshman was laughed at.

2. The headmistress was spoken to yesterday.

3. The babies were looked after with great care.

4. That old house was not lived in.

5. Jim was sent for and told to prepare a report on that subject.

6. Our friend was thought about all the time.

7. He will be operated on in a week.

8. The pupil’s parents were sent for.

9. The newspaper was looked for everywhere.

10. The bed was not slept in.

11. The telegram was asked for.

12. The lecturer was listened to with great attention.

13. The weather is often talked about.

Упражнение 3.

Переделайте предложения в пассив.

1. They looked for the girl everywhere. 2. They did not listen to the boy. 3. She looks after the patients well. 4. They asked for our address. 5. My father looked through these papers this morning. 6. He will give my brother English lessons. 7. Afriend of his has shown me an interesting magazine. 8. His friend told him everything. 9. The students greeted the famous lecturer warmly. 10. They have recently built a huge plant in the town of N. 11. We must finish the work by tomorrow. 12. When I fell ill, my mother sent for the doctor. 13. They showed Helen the nearest way to the theatre. 14. He gave his patient some good advice. 15. Mary has told me the news. 16. The people looked at the little boy with interest. 17. They examined the paper attentively. 18. Mother is teaching her daughter to cook now.

Ответы:

1. The girl was looked for everywhere. 2. The boy was not listened to. 3. The patients are looked after well. 4. Our address was asked for. 5. These papers were looked through this morning. 6. My brother will be given English lessons. 7. I have been shown an interesting magazine. 8. He was told everything (by his friend). 9. The famous lecturer was warmly greeted by the students. 10. A huge plant has recently been built in the town of N. 11. The work must be finished by tomorrow. 12. When I fell ill, the doctor was sent for. 13. Helen was shown the nearest way to the theatre. 14. His patient was given some good advice. 15. I have been told the news (by Mary). 16. The little boy was looked at with interest. 17. The paper was examined attentively. 18. Her daughter is being taught to cook now.

Упражнение 4.

Переведите предложения на английский.

1. Все телеграммы отправлены? - Нет еще, половина телеграмм отправлена вчера. Остальные, кроме трех, напечатаны. Последние сейчас печатают. Их напечатают минут через двадцать.

2. Много домов было разрушено в Киеве во время войны; большинство из них восстановлено, и много новых строится сейчас.

3. Когда журналист приехал в Ташкент после землетрясения, там восстанавливалось много школ и других общественных зданий. Сейчас Ташкент - город с широкими зелеными улицами, жилыми кварталами, с общественными зданиями, современными магазинами. Они были построены за последние 20 лет.

4. Переговоры все еще ведутся? - Как сообщается в печати, они подходят к концу. Но соглашение еще не достигнуто до сих пор.

5. На эту книгу сейчас большой спрос. Но если вы хотите купить ее, идите в книжный магазин. Она сейчас там продается.

6. Не входите в комнату. Сейчас экзаменуют студента Петрова. Его экзаменуют уже 20 минут.

7. Что происходит в библиотеке? - Там сейчас обсуждаются новые книги. Их обсуждают уже час.

8. Преподаватель попросил студента выучить это правило самостоятельно, так как оно было уже объяснено. «Вы были невнимательны, когда это правило объяснялось»,- сказал он.

9. Мой отец родился в 1926 году. Ему было 17 лет, когда он добровольцем ушел в армию в 1943 году. Его несколько раз награждали
за храбрость. Он был ранен и долго лечился после войны. Война оставила след в жизни каждой семьи. Брат моей матери был убит на фронте.

Ответы:

1. Have all the telcgrammes been sent off? - Not yet. Half o f the telegrammes were sent off yesterday. The rest o f them, except three, have
been typed. The last ones are being typed now. They will be typed in twenty minutes.

2. Many houses were destroyed in Kiev during the war, most of them have been rebuilt and many new ones are being built now.

3. When the reporter came to Tachkent after the earhquake many schools and other public facilities were being rebuilt. Today Tashkent is a city with broad green streets, blocks o f flats, office buildings and modem shops. They have been built over the past twenty years.

4. Are the negotiations still being conducted? - According to the press they are coming to an end. No agreement has been reached so far.

5. This book is now in great demand. But if you want to buy it, go to the bookshop. It’s being sold there now.

6 . Don’t enter the room. Student Petrov is being examined now. He has been examined for twenty minutes.

7. What’s happening in the library now? - New books are being discussed. They have been discussed for an hour.

8. The teacher asked the student to learn the rule by himself as it has already been explained. ’’You were not attentive when this rule was being explained”, he said.

9. My father was bom in 1926. He was seventeen when he volunteered for the army in 1943. He was awarded several times for bravery. He was wounded and went through a long recovery after the war. The war has left a mark in the life o f every family. My mother’s brother was killed in action.

Упражнение 5.

Вставьте глаголы в пассиве.

Come in and have your milk. It (to keep) hot for you long. - It has been hot for you long.

This room (not use) last year.
The children are very excited this morning, They (take) to the theatre tonight.
My keys (return) to me. They (pick up) in the street.
Bicycles must not (leave) in the hall.
He (take) to hospital tomorrow and (operate on) the day after tomorrow.
There was nobody on the road, but the girl was afraid. She thought she (follow).
Your dress is dirty. It must (clean).

Ответы:

Упражнение 6.

Преобразуйте предложения из активного залога в пассивный.

They are now building new hospitals in the provinces.
Will they publish her new novel next year?
They will have completed the new petrol station by winter.
The police have just arrested Jimmy on suspicion of murder.
They cut the gas off because Mr. and Mrs. Green hadn’t paid their bill.
They will open a new hotel next week.
Our managers discuss important matters every Tuesday.
The government closed the plant last year.

Ответы:

New hospitals are now being built in the provinces.
Will her new novel be published next year?
The new petrol station will have been completed by winter.
Jimmy has just been arrested on suspicion of murder.
The gas was cut off because the bill hadn’t been paid by Mr. and Mrs. Green.
A new hotel will be opened next week.
Important matters are discussed (by our managers) every Tuesday.
The plant was closed last year.

Сегодня мы рассмотрим с Вами правила употребления страдательного залога в английском языке. Грамматический феномен, по-английски называемый Passive Voice, на русский переводится как пассивный залог или страдательный залог.

Passive Voice правила употребления будут сопровождаться упражнениями на отработку. Начнем!

План статьи:

Что такое пассивный залог?

В английском языке залог указывает на то, выполняет ли подлежащее действие самостоятельно (активный / действительный залог), или действие совершается над ним (пассивный / страдательный залог). Таким образом, есть два залога:

Active Voice
Passive Voice

совершающий действие , то сказуемое употребляется в форме действительного залога.

My boss gave me a bonus. – Начальник выдал мне премию (начальник сам выдал).

The hurricane ruined his house. Ураган разрушил его дом (ураган сам разрушил).

Если подлежащее обозначает лицо или предмет, подвергающийся действию со стороны другого лица или предмета, сказуемое употребляется в форме страдательного залога.

I was given a bonus. – Мне дали премию

His house was ruined. – Его дом был разрушен.

Когда употребляется страдательный залог?

Существует мнение, что следует избегать употребления страдательного залога особенно в письменной речи, чтобы не усложнять высказывание. Это действительно так: не нужно употреблять страдательный залог там, где можно употребить действительный. Когда стоит употреблять пассивный залог? Есть несколько случаев:

Лицо / предмет, совершающее действие, неизвестно.

Our house was broken into last week. – Наш дом ограбили на прошлой неделе.

Лицо / предмет, совершающее действие, не важен.

The job will be finished by Monday. – Работа будет закончена к понедельнику.

Лицо / предмет, совершающее действие, очевиден из контекста.

My brother was fined for driving without license. – Моего брата оштрафовали за вождение без прав.

когда мы заинтересованы в действии, а не в деятеле (в новостях, инструкциях, заголовках, объявлениях).

The international exhibition of sport equipment will be held next month. – Международная выставка спортивного оборудования будет проведена в следующем месяце.

Для описания процесса приготовления, инструкция проведения исследований и пр.

Water is heated and added to the mixture. – Вода нагревается и добавляется к смеси.

В официальных объявлениях, в научных докладах.

Much research has been conducted on this topic. – Множество исследований было проведено по этой теме.

Прежде, чем перейти к следующему блоку правил, давайте закрепим полученную информацию и выполним упражнение.

Упражнение 1. Соотнесите предложения 1 - 8 с правилами употребления пассивного залога a - e.

1 – b/e, 2 - ? ...

Smoking is not allowed in the reception room.
Talks will be held in Stockholm next week.
Fees must be paid in advance.
The kidnappers have been arrested.
Cars left here will be towed away.
The research was carried out last year.
The check must be signed.
All the documents have been stolen.

неизвестно, кто выполняет действие.
неважно, кто выполняет действие.
из контекста ясно, кто выполняет действие.
газетный заголовок (название статьи), привлекающий внимание к происходящим событиям,
описание процесса в инструкциях, научных работах, собственно инструкции, правила

Упражнение 2 . Подумайте, какое из предложений лучше использовать – в активном залоге или в пассивном.

There’s going to be a big art exhibition.

a) A lot of visitors will be attracted to it

b) It will attract a lot of visitors.

2. Telephone is an apparatus with which people can talk to each other over long distances.

b) A. Bell invented the telephone.

3. Alexander Bell is a British inventor who went to live in Canada and then in the USA.

a) The telephone was invented by A. Bell.

b) A. Bell invented the telephone,

4. We’ve bought a new computer.

a) It can do the job much more quickly.

b) The job can be done much more quickly.

Образование форм Passive Voice

Временные формы страдательного залога образуются при помощи вспомогательного глагола «to be» в соответствующем времени и смыслового глагола в форме причастия прошедшего времени Past Participle (третья форма глагола).

Таким образом, общая схема образования представлена на картинке:

Образование времен в пассивном залоге

Таблица временных форм пассивного залога:


	A picture is painted	A picture is being painted	A picture has been painted
	A picture was painted	A picture was being painted	A picture had been painted
	A picture will be painted		A picture will have been painted
Future - in - the - Past	A picture would be painted		A picture would have been painted

Таким образом, при изменении времени в страдательном залоге изменяется только глагол «to be» , смысловой глагол имеет во всех временах одну и ту же форму – третью (Past Participle / Participle II.

Выбор временных форм пассивного залога осуществляется на основании тех же правил, что и соответствующих форм активного залога. Наречия времени могут служить маркерами при выборе необходимой формы.

Обратите внимание , что в пассивном залоге отсутствует группа времен Perfect Continuous, нет здесь и формы Future Continuous.

При образовании вопросов в пассивном залоге перед подлежащим ставится либо сам глагол «to be» в соответствующем времени, либо вспомогательный глагол употребляемого грамматического времени.

При образовании отрицательной формы частица not ставится:

1) либо после глагола «to be»

2) либо после вспомогательного глагола употребляемого грамматического времени.

Утверждение	Отрицание	Вопрос
	He is not asked.
	He was not asked
Не will be asked	Не won"t be asked	Will hе be asked
Не is being asked	Не is not being asked	Is hе being asked
He was being asked	He was not being asked	Was he being asked
He has been asked	He hasn’t been asked	Has he been asked
He had been asked	He hadn’t been asked	Had he been asked

На сайте есть упражнения на следующие времена страдательного залога:

Давайте немного попрактикуемся в использовании времен пассивного залога.

Упражнение 3 . Напишите нужную форму глагола do.

The work ____________ at the moment.
The work _______ by 2 o’clock tomorrow.
The work _______ by the time you come home.
The work _______ by the time he came home.
The work __________ yet.
The work ______ just ______.
The work _________ while I was getting ready for classes.
The work __________ two weeks later.
The work __________ when I entered the room.

Упражнение 4 . Расскройте скобки, поставив глаголы в нужном времени пассивного или активного залога.

The College 1______ officially _________ (open) last week. The college campus 2_________ (build) around a main square. This is the heart of the college as all the paths and walkways lead out from this point. Car parking 3____________ (limit) and, in fact, students 4_________ (not encourage) to come by car as the college 5______________ (serve) by a new bus service. The college 6 _______ (situate) outside the city that’s why it 7________ (be) necessary to include major facilities like banks, shops and post office.

There 8______ (be) already two open days and a third open 9______ (plan) for next week. So whether you want to start studying or not why don’t you go out to Hardacre and see everything it has to offer.

Как перевести предложение из активного залога в пассивный?

Для перевода предложения из активного залога в пассивный нужно предпринять несколько шагов.

Находим в предложении подлежащее и дополнение.

Somebody has stolen my car .

Somebody – подлежащее, my car – дополнение.

Определяем время предложения.

В нашем случае это Present Perfect.

Образуем предложение в пассивном залоге. Дополнение становиться на место подлежащего. Для правильного образования временной формы ставим глагол to be во время исходного предложения и прибавляем третью форму смыслового глагола.

My car has been stolen.

Иногда в предложении есть 2 дополнения, соответственно мы можем сделать несколько вариантов предложений в страдательном залоге.

My brother gave me a dictionary . (Два дополнения – me и a dictionary)

I was given a dictionary.

A dictionary was given to me.

Предпочтительным является первый вариант, в котором подлежащее выражено одушевленным местоимением, но оба варианта допустимы.

С двумя дополнениями употребляются следующие глаголы:

А теперь немного практики.

Упражнение 5. Преобразуйте предложения из активного залога в пассивный.

They are now building new hospitals in the provinces.
Will they publish her new novel next year?
They will have completed the new petrol station by winter.
The police have just arrested Jimmy on suspicion of murder.
They cut the gas off because Mr. and Mrs. Green hadn’t paid their bill.
They will open a new hotel next week.
Our managers discuss important matters every Tuesday.
The government closed the plant last year.

Упражнение 6 . Преобразуйте предложения из пассивного залога в активный, добавив лицо либо предмет, совершающего действие, где это необходимо.

Return tickets should have been reserved two weeks ago.
Two single rooms had been booked for the friends by their travel agent.
The pyramids are being ruined by the tourists.
The new sofa will have been delivered by noon.
When will Molly be told the time of his arrival?
Why hasn’t my car been repaired yet?
An ancient settlement has been uncovered by archaeologists.
Hundreds of rare birds are killed every day.
The picnic was ruined by bad weather.
Who were these roses planted for?

Употребление предлогов by, with в Passive Voice

Предлоги by и with употребляются при необходимости упоминания лица или предмета, осуществляющего действие, а также предмета, являющегося инструментом действия или материалом, с помощью которого действие производится

Предлог by используется, чтобы сказать, что или кто выполнил действие.

The cake was cooked by my Granny.

Предлог with употребляется для того, чтобы рассказать какой инструмент или материал был использован.

The bread was cur with a knife.

Мы уже знаем, что в Passive Voice можно и вовсе не употреблять предлоги by и with, так как упоминание действующего лица и тем более материала или инструмента необязательно.

Однако в вопросительных конструкциях в пассивном залоге, начинающихся с who (кем?) и иногда с what (чем?) всегда присутствует предлог by.

Who was the Mona Lisa painted by? – Кем была написана Мона Лиза?

What was the flood caused by? – Чем было вызвано наводнение.

Обратите внимание, что возможна и такая форма постановки вопроса, когда предлог стоит на первом месте, что более характерно для официального стиля.

By whom was Australia discovered?

By what was the flood caused?

With what was the window broken?

Давайте немного попрактикуемся!

Упражнение 7 . Заполните пропуски предлогами with или by.

In his childhood Tom used to be beaten ____ a stick.
My parents were married ____ a priest.
Molly’s bedroom wall was covered ____ posters.
The house was surrounded ___ flowerbeds.
His shorts were covered ___ mud.
Tom had been stabbed ___ a penknife.
The deer was shot ___ a hunter ___ rifle.
Soup is eaten ___ a spoon.
The new swimming pool has been just opened ___ the mayor.
During the robbery, the manager was hit ____ a baseball bat.
Extra training was provided ____ the company.
This story was written ___ Agatha Christie.
The bear was shot ____ a gun.
Trained dogs are used ____ the police.
The hall was decorated _____ pink and purple balloons.
University laboratories are equipped _____ up-to-date devices.
Rare books, issued ____ British publishers, are being shown at the exhibition.

Модальные глаголы в пассивном залоге.

Если в состав сказуемого в активном залоге входят модальные глаголы или их эквиваленты, то в страдательном залоге это сказуемое будет выглядеть следующим образом:

модальный глагол + be + Past Participle

We must finish work in May. (Мы должны закончить работу в мае.) – Our work must be finished in May.

You can buy this book in any bookshop. (Вы можете купить эту книгу в любом книжном магазине.) – This book can be bought in any bookshop.

Обратите внимание, что после глаголов hear, help, make (в значении «заставлять»), see в страдательных оборотах следует инфинитив с частицей to.

I was made to wash the dishes. – Меня заставили помыть посуду.

Molly will be helped to finish her project. – Молли помогут завершить ее проект.

Ответы к упражнениям.

Упражнение 1.

1 – b/е, 2 – b/d, 3 – е, 4 – с,d, 5 – b/е, 6 – b, 7 – c/е, 8 — a

Упражнение 2 .

1 – b, 2 – a, 3 – b, 4 — a

Упражнение 3.

1 is being done, 2 will be done, 3 will have been done, 4 had been done, 5 hasn’t been done, 6 has just been done, 7 was being done, 8 will be done, 9 was being done

Упражнение 4.

1 was officially opened, 2 is/was built, 3 is limited, 4 are not encouraged, 5 is served, 6 is situated, 7 has been, 8 have already been, 9 is planned

Упражнение 5.